作者简介: William Deresiewicz is a contributing writer for The Nation and a contributing editor at The New Republic. His next book, A Jane Austen Education, will be published next year by Penguin Press. 威廉·德莱塞维茨(William Deresiewicz)是《国家》杂志撰稿人和《新共和》杂志编辑。他的新书《简•奥斯汀教育》明年将由企鹅出版社出版。” 本文是威廉•德莱塞维茨(William Deresiewicz)在斯坦福大学的演讲,标题:勇气——挣脱身上的网。
The question my title poses, of course, is the one that is classically aimed at humanities majors. What practical value could there possibly be in studying literature or art or philosophy? So you must be wondering why I'm bothering to raise it here, at Stanford, this renowned citadel of science and technology. Whatdoubt can there be that the world will offer you many opportunities to use your degree? (学习文学、艺术或哲学能有什么用呢?所以你肯定纳闷,我为什么在在以科技堡垒而闻名的斯坦福提出这个问题呢?在大学学位给人带来众多机会的问题上还有什么可怀疑的吗?)
But that's not the question I'm asking. By 'do' I don't mean a job, and by 'that' I don't mean your major. We are more than our jobs, and education is more than a major. Education is more than college, more even than the totality of your formal schooling, from kindergarten through graduate school. By 'What are you going to do,' I mean, what kind of life are you going to lead? And by 'that,' I mean everything in your training, formal and informal, that has brought you to be sitting here today, and everything you're going to be doing for the rest of the time that you're in school. (但那不是我提出的问题。这里的“做”并不是指工作,“那”并不是指你的专业。我们不仅仅是要个工作,教育不仅仅是学一门专业。教育也不仅仅是上大学,甚至也不仅是从幼儿园到研究生院的正规学校教育。我说的“你要做什么”的意思是你要过什么样的生活?我所说的“那”指的是你得到的正规或非正规的任何训练,那些把你送到这里来的东西,你在学校的剩余时间里将要做的任何事。)
We should start by talking about how you did, in fact, get here. You got here by getting very good at a certain set of skills. Your parents pushed you to excel from the time you were very young. They sent you to good schools, where the encouragement of your teachers and the example of your peers helped push you even harder. Your natural aptitudes were nurtured so that, in addition to excelling in all your subjects, you developed a number of specific interests that you cultivated with particular vigor. You did extracurricular activities, went to afterschool programs, took private lessons. You spent summers doing advanced courses at a local college or attending skill-specific camps and workshops. You worked hard, you paid attention, and you tried your very best. And so you got very good at math, or piano, or lacrosse, or, indeed, several things at once.
Now there's nothing wrong with mastering skills, with wanting to do your best and to be the best. What's wrong is what the system leaves out: which is to say, everything else. I don't mean that by choosing to excel in math, say, you are failing to develop your verbal abilities to their fullest extent, or that in addition to focusing on geology, you should also focus on political science, or that while you're learning the piano, you should also be working on the flute. It is the nature of specialization, after all, to be specialized. No, the problem with specialization is that it narrows your attention to the point where all you know about and all you want to know about, and, indeed, all you can know about, is your specialty.